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Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…term relationship with cardiovascular risk is therefore graded, although practical clinical care requires diagnostic and treatment thresholds. The 2024 European guideline defines hypertension as an…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

Endokrinologi & metabolism Lathundar An inpatient has a different insulin sensitivity from at home: less food, more stress, often corticosteroids, often impaired renal function. Prescribe basal…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…be increased under stress) and pharmacological anti inflammatory treatment (which must be tapered in a controlled fashion). The management is the opposite in each case…

Cardiac Rehabilitation After Myocardial Infarction

…capacity, while risk factor treatment and lifestyle modification reduce the burden of recurrent coronary risk. Nutritional counselling, smoking cessation, blood pressure and lipid management, and…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…substantially in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Importantly, the ECG findings dictate the management of acute coronary syndromes. Hence, an ECG must be performed and…

Blood pressure

…least two occasions, and preferably confirmation by home measurement or 24 hour recording — the thresholds for which are lower than for office measurement. Classification of…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…several concurrent causes. In older patients delirium is often multifactorial. 7. Start non pharmacological treatment immediately , in parallel with the investigation. 8. Document the diagnosis…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

…uncontrolled office blood pressure must be confirmed using home blood pressure monitoring or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Other guideline formulations similarly define resistant hypertension as…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…ventilation. Home oxygen and the patient's usual saturation. Previous exacerbations and hospital admissions. Current inhaled treatment and adherence. Opioids, benzodiazepines and other sedating drugs…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…at least 4–8 hours after anaphylaxis that required treatment; biphasic reactions occur. Everyone must go home with an adrenaline auto injector and written instructions…

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