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Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…the context of pregnancy, hypovolemia and other etiologies of hypotension remain the predominant causes of cardiac arrest. Should cardiac arrest occur postpartum, hemorrhage must be…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…where needed, coagulation expertise at the same time [1]. Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…saccular aneurysm. Symptomatic isolated lesions may represent early periulcer haemorrhage or developing IMH and carry greater risk of progression or rupture than asymptomatic lesions. Predisposing…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…dissection CT of the brain Exclude intracerebral haemorrhage and assess early ischaemic changes CT angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…points in the epicardial coronary arteries. Early lesions may undergo positive or compensatory remodelling, in which the vessel enlarges outward before a major reduction in…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…Initial post mortem observations in the late 19th century first linked thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery with myocardial necrosis. Although early clinical descriptions emerged…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury. In classic dissection, an intimal tear permits blood to enter the diseased aortic media. Blood then…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…on call early. In cirrhosis or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise 9 Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol in uncontrolled…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…systole. Transesophageal echocardiography and surgical pathology demonstrate that over 90% of thrombi in non valvular AF originate within this specific anatomical cul de sac [19] …

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of hemorrhage induced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019;140: 37 42…

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