…leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest : Trauma and injuries : Direct trauma can cause airway injuries, resulting in obstruction. Central nervous system (CNS) injuries…

…many instances. Cardiac tamponade : Tamponade in trauma patients is due to blood accumulation in the pericardial sack. This impairs atrial and ventricular filling, such that…

…AF, including HAS BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, and ORBIT scores. Each incorporates various clinical parameters to stratify bleeding risk. HAS BLED: Incorporates factors such as hypertension, abnormal…

…due to an arrhythmia or underlying cardiac disease. Relevant abnormalities include bradyarrhythmias or tachyarrhythmias, AV block, acute myocardial ischemia, old myocardial infarction, long QT, and…

…common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism…

…is explained by the elevated intrapericardial pressure due to the tamponade. The increased pressure causes compression of the atria and the ventricles (particularly the former…

…dose of 10 mg is not recommended due to higher exposure to the active metabolite and increased bleeding risk compared to patients weighing ≥ 60 kg…

…induce an inflammatory state similar to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Body temperatures surpassing 40°C (104°F) are potentially hazardous and may precipitate cardiac arrest…

…occlusion due to embolization. Approximately 30% of all ischemic strokes are caused by cardiac embolism. This figure does not include paradoxical embolism (discussed below) and…

…and additionally severe hypertension (caution if patient on nonselective beta blockers). Dobutamine Cardiogenic shock Bradycardia (second line therapy) Stress testing (due to induced increase in…