…significant geographical variations. Roughly 25% of children with congenital heart disease require intervention during their first year of life ( Triedman et al ). According to the…

…infarction Coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease) Coronary artery disease, which is synonymous with ischemic heart disease, is the most common form of cardiovascular disease…

…of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the incidence of heart failure has…

…of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the incidence of heart failure has…

…without comparable renal impairment. The cardiovascular burden of CKD extends beyond CAD to peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation…

…occur in primary valvular disease. Increasing severity of mitral regurgitation is associated with worse outcomes. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart disease may occur because…

…of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Ischemic heart disease, coronary heart disease (CAD) and coronary artery disease (CHD) are synonyms. These terms refer to symptomatic coronary…

…mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), sedentary lifestyle, and atrial fibrillation (AF) [5] . Unlike HFrEF, where epicardial ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction are primary drivers…

…whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake…

…patient has a clinical heart failure syndrome and by determining the LVEF. Physical signs may be absent, particularly in early disease and in optimally treated…