…coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease…

…PH₂O) − PaCO₂/R R ≈ 0.8 A–a gradient PAO₂ − PaO₂ < 2 kPa in the young; it increases with age Anion gap Na − (Cl …

…warrants evaluation [5]. Heightened awareness is essential in patients with severe aortic stenosis, particularly the low flow, low gradient phenotype, or those undergoing aortic valve…

…cells. The resulting voltage gradient between normal and ischaemic myocardium generates currents of injury that are expressed on the surface ECG as ST segment displacement…

…the S3 segment. SGLT2 also mediates proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce…

…Aortic stenosis is a serious condition with poor long term outcomes. Patients with low flow low gradient aortic stenosis (discussed below) have a 3 year…

…Pressure gradient and pressure half time (PHT) are also estimated using continuous Doppler. A dense regurgitant jet with rapid deceleration (short PHT) is suggestive of…

…the great arteries) Dysplastic, bicuspid or unicuspid pulmonary valve Noonan syndrome : 60% of all individuals with Noonan syndrome have pulmonic stenosis. The stenosis is subvalvular…

…there is no consensus regarding grading of tricuspid stenosis severity. Tricuspid stenosis is visually characterized by thickened leaflets, with reduced motion and potentially fused commisures…

…pO₂, A–a gradient or PaO₂/FiO₂ Arterial blood gas COHb or MetHb Arterial or venous sample with co oximetry Follow up of pH in…