…are potentially hazardous and may precipitate cardiac arrest. The classification of hyperthermia is delineated in Table 1 below. Severity Clinical presentation Treatment Mild hyperthermia Thirst…

…FiO₂ 53 kPa ( 400 mmHg) Alveolar gas equation PAO₂ = FiO₂ × (Patm − PH₂O) − PaCO₂/R R ≈ 0.8 A–a gradient PAO₂ − PaO₂ < 2…

…Heightened awareness is essential in patients with severe aortic stenosis, particularly the low flow, low gradient phenotype, or those undergoing aortic valve replacement [1, 5…

…cells. The resulting voltage gradient between normal and ischaemic myocardium generates currents of injury that are expressed on the surface ECG as ST segment displacement…

…the S3 segment. SGLT2 also mediates proximal tubular sodium reabsorption, with chloride following passively down the resulting electrochemical gradient. By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs produce…

…term outcomes. Patients with low flow low gradient aortic stenosis (discussed below) have a 3 year survival rate of 50% ( Eleid et al ). The cause…

…in the parasternal short axis view. Pressure gradient and pressure half time (PHT) are also estimated using continuous Doppler. A dense regurgitant jet with rapid…

…Maximum gradient Maximum velocity Small PS <36 mmHg <3 m/s Moderate PS 36 64 mmHg 3 4 m/s Pronounced PS 64 mmHg 4…

…PHT) exceeds 190 ms in pronounced stenosis. Mean pressure gradient 5.0 mmHg suggests a clinically significant stenosis. Tricuspid stenosis results in increased right atrial…

…pO₂, A–a gradient or PaO₂/FiO₂ Arterial blood gas COHb or MetHb Arterial or venous sample with co oximetry Follow up of pH in…