…interact to initiate and extend thrombosis. Plaque vulnerability is influenced by inflammation, plaque morphology and location, comorbidities, environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is…

…QT (QTc) interval May be prolonged. Arrhythmia Flecainide may induce Brugada syndrome in individuals with underlying genetic susceptibility. If ECG changes consistent with Brugada syndrome…

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

…visits for heart failure without disease recognition in the 3 years preceding diagnosis is also a notable red flag [8]. Furthermore, intolerance to beta blockers…

…cause local coronary injury over time. Atherosclerotic disease appears more likely to develop in the arterial segment proximal to the bridge, particularly in older adults…

…artery disease (CAD). FH results from pathogenic variants affecting proteins in the hepatic LDL receptor pathway. Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL leads to…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions J wave syndromes: early repolarization pattern, Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia and hypothermia The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Eletrical alternans: an ECG sign of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade The pericardial space (cavity) always contains a small amount…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Pericarditis, myocarditis and perimyocarditis: ECG changes and clinical features The pericardium is a double walled sac in which the heart…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, apical ballooning syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar…

…that only one mutated gene is necessary to develop the disorder. Till now (2016) more than 12 genetic mutations have been associated with the Brugada…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions The early repolarization pattern and syndrome: from ECG criteria to management Although the early repolarization pattern has…

…cardiovascular disease, were negative. Summary Bundgaard et al have presumably identified a novel familial (autosomal dominant) cardiac syndrome. The underlying genetic abnormality is yet to…

…failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death (FHSCD) : A history of SCD in close relatives suggests a genetic predisposition to arrhythmias. Non Sustained…

Echocardiography Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): from pathophysiology to echocardiography Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder that causes left ventricular hypertrophy under normal loading conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy…

…Rarely the condition is confined to the left ventricle. ARVC causes ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac arrest; the disease is one of the most common…

…SCN5A (LQT3). These genetic anomalies disrupt the cardiac ion channels, leading to delayed repolarization and an increased risk of life threatening arrhythmic events. The cornerstone…

…all beta blockers equivalent? Heart Rhythm, 14(1), e41–e44. Schwartz, P. J., Crotti, L., & Insolia, R. (2012). Long QT syndrome: From genetics to man

…Individuals with established clinical ASCVD require LDL C lowering to reduce recurrent major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease events and mortality…

…Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic…

…for researchers to finally conclude that high cholesterol levels caused coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis in general. This required thousands of observational studies, genetic studies…

…randomization studies support a causal relationship between Lp(a) associated genetic variants and coronary artery disease. Associations have also been extended to peripheral arterial disease…

…cholesterol (LDL C). Increased PCSK9 activity therefore contributes to higher LDL C concentrations. The genetic evidence provides the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function…

…QT duration predisposes to life threatening ventricular arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations)…

…to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1]. Nonmodifiable risk factors encompass female sex, underlying genetic predisposition, structural heart disease…

…Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to…

…or genetic . Ischemic cardiomyopathy Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy Non compaction cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy secondary to valvular heart disease Long…

…clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore…

…study, PET, SPECT, genetic profiling — add information but are too costly or invasive to screen a population. The surface ECG is the obvious cheap, standardized…

…exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy…

…PH due to chronic lung disease, hypoxia, or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5…

…SCN5A possesses definitive disease gene validity for BrS [8] . Consequently, the 2022 ESC guidelines recommend restricting routine diagnostic genetic testing in BrS strictly to SCN5A …

…multiple villi . These myxomas are more likely to embolize (Cardiac Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result in the emergence of multiple myxomas. Papillary fibroelastoma…

…also genetic predisposition) interact to trigger ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. These factors interact and vary over time. Some factors vary from second to second…

…that up to 30 40% of "idiopathic" cases harbor a genetic basis. Truncating variants in the TTN gene (titin) are the most common genetic cause…

…Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and genetics…

…DICT = Drug induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name Generic/Proper Name(s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity…

…the HEMORR₂HAGES Score The acronym HEMORR₂HAGES represents the following parameters: H epatic or renal disease (1 point) E thanol abuse (1 point) M alignancy (1…

…Bold text indicates agents commonly used to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias Classification of ventricular tachycardia (VT) Ventricular arrhythmia Definition and classification…

…Bold text indicates agents commonly used to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias Classification of ventricular tachycardia (VT) Ventricular arrhythmia Definition and classification…