…disturbance without nystagmus: HINTS does not apply. Assess gait and truncal stability and investigate for a central cause. Acute vestibular syndrome is often caused by…

… 2. Is the hyponatraemia acute or chronic? Severe symptoms require immediate treatment with hypertonic sodium chloride, whether the hyponatraemia is acute or chronic. The aim…

…Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking or a slow gait without describing classic claudication. In older adults…

…of function mutations in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and KCNH2 (LQT2), and gain of function mutations in SCN5A (LQT3). These genetic anomalies disrupt the cardiac ion channels…

…of function mutations in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and KCNH2 (LQT2), and gain of function mutations in SCN5A (LQT3). These genetic anomalies disrupt the cardiac ion channels…

…breathlessness, orthopnea, weight gain, peripheral edema, early satiety, abdominal distension and, in some patients, bendopnea. Congestion may also aggravate functional mitral regurgitation, ventricular dilatation, myocardial…

…APOB that impair apolipoprotein B binding to the LDL receptor. Gain of function variants in PCSK9, which reduce recycling and surface availability of hepatic LDL…

…the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function PCSK9 mutations are associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and premature coronary heart disease, whereas loss of function…

…Gain and filter should be minimized in order to obtain optimal images. The pulsed Doppler beam can be positioned using color Doppler (to visualize the…

…the amount of gain as the depth increases; this compensates for the attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. TGC is adjusted using multiple controls that…

…subacute worsening of dyspnoea, cough and sputum in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are…

…Set the filter: a frequency range of about 15–40 Hz , and adjust the gain so that the atrial deflections are clear without clipping. 4…

[calc_shunt] Calculating Shunt Fraction (Qp/Qs) Using Echocardiography: A Guide to Methods and Clinical Relevance The shunt fraction (Qp/Qs) is a critical hemodynamic…

…in the image. If these spaces appear in any shade of gray, then the gain must be reduced. When using color Doppler, the Nyquist l