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Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…the patient to stop, keep the arm still and lowered at each measurement, and not to talk. Otherwise ordinary activities, including work. No showering or…

Exercise stress test (exercise ECG): protocols, evaluation & termination

…effort is terminated. Reliability as a function of workload In order for the exercise test to be reliable, the patient must perform maximally, without risking…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…Activities should be selected according to the individual’s preferences, functional status and daily routine, because enjoyable and convenient activities are more likely to be…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…should influence the choice between PCI and CABG. Physical examination findings are not specific to left main disease. The examination should nevertheless assess the consequences…

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With SPECT and PET

…Functional perfusion imaging primarily identifies haemodynamically important disease. Non obstructive coronary atherosclerosis not associated with demonstrable ischaemia may therefore remain undetected unless CT based coronary…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…Functional Status Treatment decisions should not be based on age alone. Assessment should include: Degree of frailty, preferably using validated clinical tests Ability to perform…

Edrophonium test

…and is not specific: motor neurone disease, myopathies and Lambert–Eaton syndrome may also give a positive result. A negative test does not exclude myasthenia…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine value alone but by the course, urine output, volume status, electrolytes, acid base status and…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…clinical setting, haemodynamic status, coronary anatomy, comorbidities, procedural complexity, age, frailty, and anticipated adherence to antithrombotic therapy. Anatomical and functional completeness are not synonymous. Anatomically…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…during acute decompensated heart failure, but worsening renal function does not necessarily indicate reduced cardiac output or impaired renal perfusion. Many patients have preserved cardiac…

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