…are elevated. Consequently, congestion may occur across the full range of left ventricular ejection fraction and may result from systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or both…

…In parallel, large outcome trials have clarified, and in some cases substantially narrowed, the role of revascularization itself in stable coronary artery disease, while a…

…up to and including the age of 70, and the last sample is in practice taken some time between the ages of 64 and 70…

…degree of hypoxia in all neurons. There is one fundamental difference between neurons and myocardium in the setting of hypoxia. Myocardium ceases contracting immediately when…

…cases, the arrhythmia is self limiting; however, it may recur and, in some instances, persist for extended durations. As for any long standing tachycardia, there…

…of completely discrete diseases. Heart failure extends across the full range of LVEF, and echocardiographic measurement is subject to meaningful variability. HFmrEF may therefore represent…

…aortic valve 2.5–3.5 Some centres use 2.0–3.0 with a modern bileaflet prosthesis and no risk factors Mechanical mitral valve…

…3 degrees as the threshold [4,5]. Some Swedish and local care programmes use 38.5 degrees instead. Follow the local definition where one exists…

…SLE and type 1 diabetes. Traditional factors such as smoking, family history of premature coronary disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia did not fully explain the excess…

…rub is detected varies among clinical descriptions. It may be present intermittently during the illness and, in some series, is reported in up to approximately…