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Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…when the patient lies flat or moves [2], [5]. Localization: While often retrosternal, the pain may be localized to the left anterior chest and can…

ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

…not be depolarized via the Purkinje network, but rather via spread of the depolarization from the right ventricle. The abnormal ventricular depolarization will cause an…

The T-wave: T-wave inversions, hyperacute T-waves, large T-waves, flat T-waves

ECG Video lecture: The T wave: normal, inverted (negative) hyperacute and flat T waves

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…left ventricle is usually considerably larger than the right ventricle, the QRS complex is actually a reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left…

The ST segment: physiology, normal appearance, ST depression & ST elevation

…reason why the ST segment is flat and isoelectric (i.e in level with the baseline). Displacement of the ST segment is of fundamental importance…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…of chest compressions. Identifying return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Prognostication. Potential reasons for a flat ETCO2 curve include: Ventilator or capnograph not activated. Displacement of…

ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave

…means that it should be flat and on the same level as the baseline (recall that the baseline is the level of the PR segment)…

T-waves in ischemia: hyperacute, inverted (negative), Wellen's sign & de Winter's sign

…isolated implies that none of the neighboring leads display T wave inversions. aVF generally shows a positive T wave but it may occasionally be flat…

The PR Interval & PR segment

…220 msec. The PR segment is the flat line between the end of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex. The PR…

Central venous catheter

…cannot lie flat or cannot cooperate — consider sedation, a different position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right)…

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