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Urinary catheterisation

…a pelvic fracture, a straddle injury Relative Recent urethral or prostatic surgery — contact a urologist before attempting Relative A known urethral stricture Relative Acute prostatitis…

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an acute coronary disorder caused by separation within the coronary arterial wall…

🟠 eGFR with MDRD

…175 × (Scr)^ 1.154 × (Age)^ 0.203 × (0.742 if female) × (1.212 if African American) The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…late as 2 weeks after infarction. Predisposing features Risk features vary by lesion but include: Older age. Female sex. Hypertension. Absence of an adequate collateral…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…Definition and Pathophysiology ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute myocardial infarction associated with a working diagnosis of persistent ST segment elevation or…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…States. In the United States, approximately one in four female deaths is attributed to CVD. The cardiovascular burden in women includes coronary heart disease, heart…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)…

Torsades de Pointes: Definition, Characteristics, and Management

…drug accumulation secondary to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1]. Nonmodifiable risk factors encompass female sex, underlying genetic predisposition…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…stroke, coronary perforation, haemodynamic collapse, acute kidney injury, and death. The risk profile differs between diagnostic angiography and PCI, and is strongly influenced by the…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…1 Prior stroke or TIA 2 Vascular disease 1 Age 65–74 years 1 Female sex 1 Bleeding risk must be considered alongside thromboembolic risk…

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