…cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodelling, and thrombosis interact to produce focal arterial lesions. Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is…

…Collectively, they affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and are major contributors to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Their incidence has increased…

…how long an attack lasts, and whether anything actually triggers it [1,2]. The single most important practical rule is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous…

…with a reduced level of consciousness, focal neurological signs or seizures — because the delay costs more than the scan contributes. Only clinical signs of herniation…

…option. Contraindications Ongoing clinically significant bleeding. Pregnancy in the first trimester and close to delivery (embryopathy and fetal bleeding respectively). Marked liver failure with coagulopathy…

…subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion…

…Conversely, certain macroreentrant atrial tachycardias (MRATs) that traverse protected anatomical areas may display a focal atrial tachycardia pattern on the ECG, characterized by discrete P…

…the general population, the prevalence of asymptomatic carotid stenosis of at least 70% is low, reported as 0–3.1%. In contrast, within selected high…

…within the broader framework of guideline directed medical therapy and secondary prevention. PCI treats focal stenotic segments, whereas CABG provides a bypass beyond diseased segments…

…viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically about: Onset and time course. Increased…