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Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…posture. Specific triggers are well recognized and include: Provoked fear, pain, anxiety, intense emotion, the sight of blood, unpleasant sights and odors, and orthostatic stress…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…evaluate their performance and symptoms under the supervision of their clinician. Indeed, kinesiophobia (fear of exercising) is common after myocardial infarction and it is associated…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…the patient to recite the months of the year backwards. A normal result does not exclude delirium, however, and an abnormal result is not specific…

Optimization of the ultrasound image

…is also possible to zoom in on regions of interest; e.g the aortic valve can be zoomed in to study its anatomy and function…

Technical aspects of the ultrasound image

…image of the tissue, the ultrasound machine must overcome the following technical obstacles. The ultrasound machine must know which sound waves are reflected and from…

ECG localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia and coronary artery occlusion (culprit)

…In the majority of cases, it is only possible to determine the ischemic/infarct area (and thus the culprit) if the ECG displays ST segment…

Stroke Volume, VTI (Velocity Time Integral) & Cardiac Output

…spectral curve and indicates how far blood travels during the flow period. VTI can be used for various volume calculations, such as calculation of stroke…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…The test presupposes that the patient has spontaneous nystagmus at the time of examination and that the examiner is experienced with the head impulse test…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…book? This question is far from trivial and the stakes are high; mastering ECG interpretation will frequently be a matter of life and death. ECG…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…intend to present an ECG with early repolarization (which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death)…

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