…Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of family surveillance. For example, heterozygous carriers in a clearly recessive…

…asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A: Mobitz Type II 2nd AV block B: Prolonged QT interval (QTc ≥ 480 ms for females) C: Incomplete…

[calc_aorta] Sinus of Valsalva (SOV) and Aortic Root Assessment The sinus of Valsalva diameter (SOVd) is a critical measurement in evaluating aortic root morphology…

…calcified and therefore cannot be identified reliably by radiography. Assessment should include consideration of associated vascular disease. In patients with AAA, duplex ultrasound screening for…

…termed glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, and other familial forms associated with adrenal adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly in patients…

…of smoking, and adequate sleep. The process should begin early in life. Primordial prevention in childhood may reduce the subsequent development of hypertension, elevated LDL…

…health care provider. A family history of any of the above listed symptoms and manifestations must always raise suspicion of serious hereditary arrhythmias. Although clinicians…

…Patient characteristics, clinical features, family history and genetic testing are important clues in the investigation. Additional examinations (e.g coronary angiography, cardiac MRI) are frequently…

…pressures and is linked to adverse outcomes. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient (LVOTG) : LVOT obstruction is a risk factor for heart failure and arrhythmias. Family…

…al . Brugada syndrome was identified in the early 1990s and early repolarization was identified as a risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest in 2008 (1…