Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Pathophysiology An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is diagnosed when the abdominal aortic diameter exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs are located…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Scope Primary prevention aims to prevent the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals without established clinical CVD. It…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and scope Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) that include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic…

Cardiology Clinical chemistry & laboratory medicine Definition and structure Lipoprotein(a), abbreviated Lp(a), is an LDL like circulating lipoprotein particle. It contains one molecule of…

…cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease. It combines a structured family…

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

…familial forms associated with adrenal adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly in patients with early onset hypertension or premature…

…syndrome – appeared to be hereditary, since many patients reported a family history of the same symptoms and events. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature was the…

…of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden…

…failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death (FHSCD) : A history of SCD in close relatives suggests a genetic predisposition to arrhythmias. Non Sustained…

…His son and daughter presented with similar ECG changes. Four additional family members presented with similar ECG changes. Two relatives died from sudden cardiac death…

…smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA)…

…population screening test. It may also be considered in selected lower risk individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally…

…of premature CAD, cerebral vascular disease or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related…

…body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin…

…in patients with chest pain (chest discomfort) HISTORY PARAMETER QUESTIONS COMMENTS Risk factors for the 5 serious etiologies Family history (focus on ischemic heart disease…

…Consequently, current guidelines recommend a 3 generation family history and consideration of genetic testing for all patients with non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes…