…changes. Two relatives died from sudden cardiac death. Atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias were observed in the fifth decade of life in several family members…

…failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death (FHSCD) : A history of SCD in close relatives suggests a genetic predisposition to arrhythmias. Non Sustained…

…sudden cardiac death Hence, the Brugada syndrome is a highly malignant disorder that must be recognized by any health care provider. A family history of…

…life and a family history of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac arrest is common. The following cardiomyopathies lead to dilation of the ventricle…

…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

…assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease. It combines a structured family history, clinical evaluation, cardiac investigations…

…and alcohol consumption. Additional considerations include psychosocial stress, obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is…

…hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary…

…Family history also increases risk, particularly among first degree relatives, with siblings appearing to be especially affected. The principal determinant of adverse outcome is aneurysm…

…hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly in patients with early onset hypertension or premature cerebrovascular disease. PA is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial…

…delaying time to treatment. History taking, physical examination, ECG and laboratory tests are the cornerstones of management of patients with chest pain. A 12 lead…

…family history and consideration of genetic testing for all patients with non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of…

…showing severe hypercholesterolaemia. A personal history of premature CAD, cerebral vascular disease or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease…

…very high LDL cholesterol; people with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease; those with a family history of high Lp(a); individuals with cardiovascular…

…mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D…

…1 diabetes. Traditional factors such as smoking, family history of premature coronary disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia did not fully explain the excess coronary risk. Rheumatoid…

…population screening test. It may also be considered in selected lower risk individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally…