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Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease. It combines a structured family history…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…or other atherosclerotic disease; diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors; smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of heart failure…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…The table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly in patients with early onset hypertension or premature cerebrovascular disease. PA is associated with…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…systematic lipid screening and a careful clinical, medical, social and multigenerational family history. The evaluation should establish: The magnitude of untreated LDL C elevation. The…

🟠 Adjusted aortic root dimension

…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

…the Brugada syndrome is a highly malignant disorder that must be recognized by any health care provider. A family history of any of the above…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population strategies aim to shift risk across the…

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