…Other causes of ventricular dilation ( e.g ischemic cardiomyopathy) must be excluded before establishing a diagnosis of DCM. Patient characteristics, clinical features, family history and…

…for the 5 serious etiologies Family history (focus on ischemic heart disease, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax). Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes…

…in the fifth decade of life in several family members. Imaging studies did not reveal structural cardiac abnormalities, nor coronary artery disease. Another male patient…

…MYH7 , and TNNT2 [39] . Consequently, current guidelines recommend a 3 generation family history and consideration of genetic testing for all patients with non ischemic HFrEF…

…myocardial infarction and aortic valve stenosis; associations are less pronounced with peripheral arterial disease and heart failure, and weakest with ischaemic stroke and cardiovascular or…

…risk individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for another indication can also…

…or recent cerebral ischaemia; known CAD, PAD, or other atherosclerotic disease; diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors; smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history…

…Family history also increases risk, particularly among first degree relatives, with siblings appearing to be especially affected. The principal determinant of adverse outcome is aneurysm…

…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

…asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history, not requiring further evaluation. Mobitz Type II 2nd AV block, prolonged QT interval, and profound sinus bradycardia are…