…social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population strategies aim to shift risk…

…or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition. Untreated or inadequately…

…mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D…

…a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for another indication can also contribute to risk…

…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

…Introduction to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history…

…life and a family history of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac arrest is common. The following cardiomyopathies lead to dilation of the ventricle…

…medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease. It combines a structured family history…

…hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary…

…Family history also increases risk, particularly among first degree relatives, with siblings appearing to be especially affected. The principal determinant of adverse outcome is aneurysm…