…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

…Introduction to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history…

…in life and a family history of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac arrest is common. The following cardiomyopathies lead to dilation of the…

…medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease. It combines a structured family history…

…social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population strategies aim to shift risk…

…PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke…

…Family history also increases risk, particularly among first degree relatives, with siblings appearing to be especially affected. The principal determinant of adverse outcome is aneurysm…

…it binds the MR, which translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR…

…out systematically and carefully without delaying time to treatment. History taking, physical examination, ECG and laboratory tests are the cornerstones of management of patients with…

…the syndrome – which was named the Brugada syndrome – appeared to be hereditary, since many patients reported a family history of the same symptoms and events…

…MYH7 , and TNNT2 [39] . Consequently, current guidelines recommend a 3 generation family history and consideration of genetic testing for all patients with non ischemic HFrEF…

…linked to adverse outcomes. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient (LVOTG) : LVOT obstruction is a risk factor for heart failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden…

…or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition. Untreated or inadequately…

…history of high Lp(a); individuals with cardiovascular disease that is not explained by major conventional risk factors; patients at moderate risk or close to…

…mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D…

…SLE and type 1 diabetes. Traditional factors such as smoking, family history of premature coronary disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia did not fully explain the excess…

…a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for another indication can also contribute to risk…

…yet to be discovered. Diagnosis of this syndrome is based on ECG, family history and clinical presentation. Patients present with syncope, early onset of atrial…