…Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of family surveillance. For example, heterozygous carriers in a clearly recessive…

…of tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus and xanthelasma. Potential secondary causes of hypercholesterolaemia. The likelihood of a monogenic disorder and the need for family based screening

…cannot be identified reliably by radiography. Assessment should include consideration of associated vascular disease. In patients with AAA, duplex ultrasound screening for femoropopliteal aneurysms should…

…family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for another indication can also contribute to risk assessment…

[calc_aorta] Sinus of Valsalva (SOV) and Aortic Root Assessment The sinus of Valsalva diameter (SOVd) is a critical measurement in evaluating aortic root morphology…

…hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA), coronary…

…Bundle Branch Block, defined by an rSR' pattern in lead V1 and a qRS pattern in lead V6 with QRS duration <120 ms, is listed…

…increased, relatively autonomous from angiotensin II and plasma potassium, and resistant to suppression by sodium loading. It is the most common form of secondary hypertension…

…obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population strategies aim…

…is a highly malignant disorder that must be recognized by any health care provider. A family history of any of the above listed symptoms and…

…cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as dilation of one or both ventricles. Dilation of the left ventricle is virtually always accompanied by impaired left ventricular systolic…

…Outflow Tract Gradient (LVOTG) : LVOT obstruction is a risk factor for heart failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death (FHSCD) : A history of…

…decades ago by Jervell et al . Brugada syndrome was identified in the early 1990s and early repolarization was identified as a risk factor for sudden…

…age, may not be fully captured by conventional risk scores and may be the first clinically important manifestation of an otherwise unrecognized inflammatory disease. Epidemiology…

…aortic stenosis; enhancement of a prothrombotic state. Its atherogenic and inflammatory effects may be mediated partly by oxidized phospholipids carried on the particle. Genetic and…

…body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin…

…cascade for details. History taking in patients with chest pain (chest discomfort) HISTORY PARAMETER QUESTIONS COMMENTS Risk factors for the 5 serious etiologies Family history…

…defined by significant CAD (prior MI, diffuse microvascular dysfunction, or flow limiting epicardial stenoses), is the predominant cause, accounting for approximately 60% of HFrEF cases…