…Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of family surveillance. For example, heterozygous carriers in a clearly recessive…

…asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A: Mobitz Type II 2nd AV block B: Prolonged QT interval (QTc ≥ 480 ms for females) C: Incomplete…

…aorta, aortic arch) All individuals 60 mm (descending aorta) All individuals Risk factors : previous dissection, family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation…

…pronounced in older age. Cigarette smoking is a major modifiable risk factor. Family history also increases risk, particularly among first degree relatives, with siblings appearing…

…familial forms associated with adrenal adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly in patients with early onset hypertension or premature…

…psychosocial stress, obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population…

…syndrome – appeared to be hereditary, since many patients reported a family history of the same symptoms and events. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature was the…

…of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop heart failure early in life and a family history of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or sudden…

…Outflow Tract Gradient (LVOTG) : LVOT obstruction is a risk factor for heart failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death (FHSCD) : A history of…

…al . Brugada syndrome was identified in the early 1990s and early repolarization was identified as a risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest in 2008 (1…

…prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence for premature atherosclerosis is particularly strong in RA and SLE. Ankylosing spondylitis…

…smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral arterial and aortic disease; planned surgery, especially carotid endarterectomy (CEA)…

…principally a risk stratification tool for individuals without known clinical coronary artery disease, especially when conventional risk estimates leave uncertainty near a treatment decision threshold…

…of tendon xanthomas, corneal arcus and xanthelasma. Potential secondary causes of hypercholesterolaemia. The likelihood of a monogenic disorder and the need for family based screening

…particularly when baseline risk is moderate or near a treatment decision threshold. Failure to account for a high Lp(a) level may lead to substantial…

…and treatment related factors: Age older than 80 years Female sex Low body mass index Asian ancestry Previous muscle disease or a personal or family…

…syndromes (NSTE ACS). The division into STE ACS and NSTE ACS has profound implications for management and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Moreover…

…Consequently, current guidelines recommend a 3 generation family history and consideration of genetic testing for all patients with non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes…