…are no obstacle. Untreated hypokalaemia or marked electrolyte disturbance; correct these first before elective cardioversion. AVNRT and AVRT that respond to adenosine — try adenosine first…

…85 mmHg in chronic hypertension or when there are signs of inadequate perfusion Urine output 0.5 mL/kg/h Lactate Falling A clearance 10 …

…before producing haemodynamic compromise. As intrapericardial pressure rises, the right atrium and right ventricle are compressed, with elevation of their diastolic pressures. Right sided filling…

…myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rising and/or falling troponin pattern with at least one value above the assay specific 99th percentile upper reference limit;…

…with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An urgent ventilatory problem Focal chest pain or unilaterally reduced breath…

…before starting treatment. Clinical assessment History that affects the level of risk Ask briefly and to the point: When did the deterioration begin, suddenly or…

…or a falling PaO2 Circulation A systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or less, a MAP below 65 mmHg, delayed capillary refill, cold or mottled…

…loss, plasma and red cells are lost simultaneously, which means the haemoglobin can be normal before fluid has redistributed or been given. In massive bleeding…

…99th percentile upper reference limit, it must be stable or falling before a subsequent rise can reliably be attributed to acute procedural injury. Even then…

…<1 ≥1 ≥1 <1 <1 <1 ARdur – Adur (ms) ≥30 ≤0 ≤0 or ≥30 ≥30 ≥30 ≥30 AR speed (cm/s) <35 <35 <35 ≥35…