…or a falling level of consciousness. Unstable monomorphic VT with a pulse. Pre excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid ventricular rate. Elective or…

…or when there are signs of inadequate perfusion Urine output 0.5 mL/kg/h Lactate Falling A clearance 10 % per 2 h is a…

…impairs ventricular filling. It generally results from accumulation of pericardial fluid, blood, or, less commonly, a mass. Tamponade occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds…

…not a disease specific marker of myocardial infarction (MI). MI requires both: Acute myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rising and/or falling troponin pattern with…

…on intubation early. Initial assessment Confirm that the presentation fits an exacerbation A COPD exacerbation is an acute or subacute worsening of dyspnoea, cough and…

…reduced consciousness or marked stillness Respiratory rate Under 25 per minute At least 25 per minute A falling rate, bradypnoea or apnoea Pulse Under 110…

…a high mortality [1,2]. Give antibiotics immediately and aim for administration within one hour in septic shock, or when sepsis is judged certain or…

…drowsiness or syncope oliguria a rising lactate or metabolic acidosis repeated fresh haematemesis haematochezia in combination with circulatory compromise a rapidly falling haemoglobin after fluid…

…is elevated but stable or falling, the postprocedural level must demonstrate both the required absolute threshold and a rise of more than 20% from baseline…

…Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3 dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio 1–2 1–2 <1 1…