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Laryngeal mask and difficult airway

…down into the larynx. The difficult airway rarely kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to intubate instead of…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…with an ECG in reality. Books that claim to make it "simple" can provide a quick entry point but fail to delve into the crucial…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…complications fall into two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias. Mechanical or pump failure complications , including heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Most out of…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…as well as cases where the cause does not fall into the other categories. Trauma Cardiac arrest caused by violence, accidents, burns, or other trauma…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…or underlying channelopathies (e.g., Torsades de Pointes in Long QT Syndrome) [1] . Underlying Etiologies The etiology of VT is broadly dichotomized into structural heart…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However, myocardial injury alone is an entity in itself and may arise from non…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…by a rise and/or fall in cTn with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL; and Clinical evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…and/or fall of high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn), with at least one value above the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) in the…

Short and long-term prognostication in cardiac arrest

…reduction in cell metabolism and thus prolongs survival. Myocardial stunning starts to normalize within minutes after the hypoxia is relieved. However, full recovery of contractility…

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