Renitec Enalapril Sandoz ACE inhibitor Prodrug hydrolysed to enalaprilat. Reduces mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction — the effect is dose-dependent, and underdosing…

Brevibloc Ultra-short-acting β₁-selective blocker The beta-blocker to choose when reversibility matters. With a half-life of 9 minutes and the effect…

…in heart failure (CHARM), and the first choice when an ACE inhibitor must be switched due to cough. The target dose in heart failure is…

…heparin is the first choice in severe renal failure, in the bleeding-prone patient, and when surgery or thrombolysis may become necessary at short notice…

…determines its use. Amoxicillin is therefore not first-line for uncomplicated acute otitis media — that role belongs to phenoxymethylpenicillin — but for treatment failure, recurrent otitis…

…no clinically significant negative inotropic effect and can therefore be used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction when blood pressure or angina requires it…

…blockers, with documented mortality benefit in heart failure from CIBIS-II. Bioavailability is close to 90 % and elimination is equally shared between liver and kidney…

…reduced heart failure events regardless of ejection fraction in EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved, and slowed renal function decline down to eGFR 20 in EMPA…

…curve, not a line: below the threshold nothing happens, and in renal failure the threshold dose must be raised to achieve any effect at all.

…with albuminuria, with or without diabetes. The dose is the same — 10 mg once daily — for all indications, making this drug unusually straightforward to manage.

…and heart failure resembles that of selective COX-2 inhibitors and is seen already at doses below 100 mg/day and with short treatment duration…

…blood pressure, or conduction — it inhibits the funny current (If) that drives spontaneous depolarisation of the sinus node and does nothing else. It therefore works…