…Recent guideline updates have introduced critical nuances to HF terminology to reflect the dynamic nature of myocardial remodeling. The designation "Heart Failure with improved Ejection…

…disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, structural heart disease, etc. Over the years, a large number of parameters have been introduced to assess left ventricular function. The…

…Waagstein, Hjalmarsson, and Swedberg proposed using beta blockers – which have negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects – to treat heart failure, they were met with skepticism…

…Waagstein, Hjalmarsson, and Swedberg proposed using beta blockers – which have negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects – to treat heart failure, they were met with skepticism…

Info The ECG must always be interpreted systematically. Failure to perform systematic interpretation may actually be detrimental. We have therefore compiled a pocket guide with…

…Failure to perform a systematic interpretation of the ECG may be detrimental. The interpretation algorithm presented below is easy to follow and it can be…

…Definition and classification Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot deliver blood at a rate appropriate to tissue requirements unless…

…failure, despite their negative chronotropic effect. Among persons who do not suffer from heart failure, chronotropic incompetence may be caused by beta blockers, amiodarone or…

…relaxation and filling. Hypertension and diabetes can contribute to the development of heart failure in the preserved and mildly reduced EF ranges, and obesity is…

…of heart failure (HF) in the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50%, accompanied by objective evidence of structural and/or functional…