…anemia, hyperthyroidism and myocarditis are common etiologies. Treatment of the underlying cause should resolve the sinus tachycardia. Sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) fulfills…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Definition of sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) Sinus arrhythmia and respiratory sinus arrhythmia both refer to the same phenomenon. Sinus arrhythmia…

…Baseline) : Reflects inhaled air devoid of CO 2 . Phase II (Rapid Expiration) : Represents the transition of air from anatomical dead space to functional alveolar space…

…charts should be used. Waist circumference Measure the waist between the lowest rib and the iliac crest, at the end of expiration, with the tape…

…Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic drugs. Contraindications Forced expiration raises the…

…a result, the blood flow from the pulmonary vein to the left atrium is hampered. This reduces the filling of the left atrium and, accordingly…

…In patients with pericarditis complicated by constriction, symptoms and signs of right sided heart failure may predominate. Pericardial effusions associated with post infarction pericarditis are…