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Interpretation of neonatal and pediatric electrocardiograms (ECG)

…wave U wave QT (QTc) interval Pediatric and neonatal electrocardiograms differ markedly – in terms of rhythm, morphology, normal findings, normal variants, etc – from adult electrocardiograms…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…by myocardial ischemia (affecting the sinoatrial node), sinus node dysfunction or side effects of digoxin treatment. If the rhythm becomes completely regular when holding the…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…Baseline) : Reflects inhaled air devoid of CO 2 . Phase II (Rapid Expiration) : Represents the transition of air from anatomical dead space to functional alveolar space…

Anthropometric measurements

…BMI or percentile charts should be used. Waist circumference Measure the waist between the lowest rib and the iliac crest, at the end of expiration…

Spirometry

…Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic drugs. Contraindications Forced expiration raises the…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…normally, there is more room for the right ventricle, the filling of which increases and the septum bulges into the left ventricle. During exhalation, the…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…Clinical presentation and symptoms The characteristic clinical syndrome consists of: Malaise Fever Pericardial or chest discomfort Leukocytosis Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Pericardial effusion Pericardial pain…

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