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Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…injury is an acute deterioration in renal function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly during cardiovascular angiography, computed tomography, or percutaneous coronary intervention…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…duration of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. Primary prevention Primary prevention targets people without clinical CVD who nevertheless have established risk factors or an elevated…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…no reason to refrain from investigating postmenopausal bleeding or a visible cervical lesion. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications, but refrain or adapt in: The…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…fourth Korotkoff sound is used. Office blood pressure: blood pressure measured in a clinical setting, manually or with an automated device. Home blood pressure monitoring…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…in selected cases, enhanced elimination. For many poisonings, well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or regional poison…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…effects Acute ethanol exposure has a negative inotropic effect and promotes peripheral vasodilation through reduced systemic vascular resistance. The resulting mild reduction in blood pressure…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…acute coronary syndromes are: Plaque rupture with exposure of thrombogenic material. Superficial plaque erosion. Thrombosis associated with a calcified nodule. Epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence. However, in cases of iron, lithium, or potassium intoxication…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…exposure sudden hypotension or severe bronchospasm during anaesthesia, a drug infusion or the administration of contrast medium Skin symptoms are absent in approximately 10 to…

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