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Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…health care exposure and the risk of resistant organisms 0 to 60 min Empirical intravenous antibiotics in septic shock or in certain or highly likely…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

Introduction to Coronary Atherosclerosis, Plaques, Atherothrombosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

Cardiology Nephrology Definition and terminology Contrast associated acute kidney injury is an acute deterioration in renal function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…and Epidemiological Basis The lifetime burden of CVD is related to the number and severity of cardiovascular risk factors. Five modifiable factors—systolic blood pressure…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…the HPV test is positive — the sample therefore does not need to be repeated. Age Screening interval Test : : : 23–49 years Every five years HPV…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Blood pressure is a continuous cardiovascular exposure rather than a binary distinction between normotension and hypertension. Its long term relationship with…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…women or five for men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…and infarction Definition and conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence…

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