…for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation…

Introduction to Coronary Atherosclerosis, Plaques, Atherothrombosis Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive, and highly dynamic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. It is characterized by…

Cardiology Nephrology Definition and terminology Contrast associated acute kidney injury is an acute deterioration in renal function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly…

…at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of cardiovascular disease. The principal targets include blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, diabetes and glycaemic status…

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

…because inconsistent or incorrect measurement may lead to misclassification. Blood pressure should be measured with a validated and calibrated device using a consistent method for…

…of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of…

…women or five for men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde…

…moderately stenosed. Plaque rupture Plaques prone to rupture characteristically contain a large lipid pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption…

…Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence…