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Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…anaemia and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of cardiovascular disease. The principal targets include blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, diabetes and glycaemic status…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…central to diagnosis and long term management. Clinical presentation and symptoms The source material does not describe the typical symptoms or symptom burden of uncomplicated…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…medication patches and trauma. Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…Progressive dilation can subsequently impair left ventricular ejection fraction. Enlargement of the left ventricle predisposes to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In advanced alcohol related cardiomyopathy…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…bearing microparticles contribute to activation of coagulation. Plaque rupture is typically associated with a fibrin rich, red thrombus. The size and persistence of the thrombus…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence. However, in cases of iron…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…after exposure to a known or probable allergen , even if skin symptoms are absent [1,4]. Typical warning symptoms are: hoarseness, stridor, swelling of the…

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