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ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…injury beyond the initial ischemic zone and contributes to ventricular failure. Mechanisms of Shock The central consequence of extensive infarction is loss of contractile myocardium…

Cardiovascular Prevention in the Very Elderly

…smoking exposure, and physical inactivity. The interaction between these acquired risks and age related cardiovascular remodeling contributes to the high incidence and prevalence of coronary…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…affecting approximately 1 in 250,000–350,000 individuals. The lifelong exposure to high LDL C is central to the disease burden. In untreated HeFH…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…via Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa cross linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…and mortality. Risk factor modification is therefore directed at identifying individuals at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of cardiovascular disease. The…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…central to diagnosis and long term management. Clinical presentation and symptoms The source material does not describe the typical symptoms or symptom burden of uncomplicated…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…and the findings of the ambulance crew The stated dose is often unreliable and must never be used on its own to declare the patient…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…Progressive dilation can subsequently impair left ventricular ejection fraction. Enlargement of the left ventricle predisposes to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In advanced alcohol related cardiomyopathy…

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