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LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…modest absolute reduction may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure to lower LDL C concentrations is associated with…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…injury is an acute deterioration in renal function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly during cardiovascular angiography, computed tomography, or percutaneous coronary intervention…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…duration of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. Primary prevention Primary prevention targets people without clinical CVD who nevertheless have established risk factors or an elevated…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…the HPV test is positive — the sample therefore does not need to be repeated. Age Screening interval Test : : : 23–49 years Every five years HPV…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…is consequently central to diagnosis and long term management. Clinical presentation and symptoms The source material does not describe the typical symptoms or symptom burden…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation, chest movement and a blood gas. Ventilate by mask in opioid…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…women or five for men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…acute coronary syndromes are: Plaque rupture with exposure of thrombogenic material. Superficial plaque erosion. Thrombosis associated with a calcified nodule. Epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence. However, in cases of iron, lithium, or potassium intoxication…

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