…before revascularisation. Evaluation of treatment effect in stable angina. Exercise induced arrhythmia or exercise induced syncope. Assessment of chronotropic function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional…

…include: Measuring exercise tolerance Determining whether symptoms are reproduced by exertion Assessing the relationship between symptoms and ECG changes Detecting exercise induced arrhythmias Evaluating the…

…and during exercise or pharmacological stress, allowing comparison between myocardial blood flow states. MPI is used principally to: Diagnose and quantify stress induced myocardial ischaemia…

…artery stenosis. Stress can be induced pharmacologically with coronary vasodilatory agents or simulated hemodynamically through exercise or the use of chronotropic and inotropic agents. Radiotracers…

…or cardiometabolic origin. Major clinical presentations The principal outpatient presentations include: Reproducible stress induced angina or ischaemia associated with obstructive epicardial coronary disease. Angina or…

…extrinsic compression, myocardial bridging and radiation induced coronary disease. The distinction between UA and NSTEMI has become increasingly dependent on the use of highly sensitive…

…ventricular function is therefore an important therapeutic objective. Exercise intolerance Exercise limitation is multifactorial. In addition to elevated exercise induced filling pressures, patients may have:

…Seitelberger R, Ross J Jr. Mechanism of beneficial ef fect of beta adrenergic blockade on exercise induced myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. Circ Res. 1987…

…symptoms Understanding the basic principles of exercise physiology is essential to conduct and evaluate the exercise stress test. Exercise induces physiological changes such as increased…

…This is discussed in detail below. The purpose of the exercise stress test is to induce cardiovascular stress in order to provoke symptoms, ECG changes…