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Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…that mimics angina pectoris [5]. This pain is thought to result from right ventricular ischemia that develops during physical exertion [5]. Associated Findings: Exertional dyspnea…

The Cardiac Electrical Axis: ECG Criteria, Definition, Clinical Implications

…in the evaluation of pulmonary vascular and right heart pathology. In adults with clinical suspicion of pulmonary hypertension (PH), such as unexplained dyspnea on exertion…

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Treatment

…are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…The severity of ischaemia and whether infarction has occurred The extent and degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…of the tarsal plate with a cotton bud, and at the same time fold the lid margin upwards and backwards towards the forehead. Double eversion…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale There is a strong correlation between a person's perceived exertion rating times 10 and the actual heart rate…

Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET), coronary blood flow and flow reserve (CFR)

…such as during physical exertion. It is defined as the ratio of maximal coronary blood flow during stress to the resting flow (Goodwill et al…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…symptoms are severe, refractory to guideline directed medical therapy, occur at a low level of exertion, or are associated with high event risk. The apparent…

🟠 SYNTAX Score II

…II? The SYNTAX Score II is an advanced version of the original SYNTAX Score, designed to improve the prediction of long term outcomes after revascularization…

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