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Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…but hypertensive home or ambulatory pressure. Office measurements provide only a limited representation of usual blood pressure and may be biased by the clinical environment…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…other inheritance patterns, de novo variants, incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypic expression complicate risk prediction. Familial clustering may also reflect shared environmental or behavioural factors…

Risk Factor Modification: The Evidence Base for Primary Prevention

…ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population strategies aim to shift risk across the whole community through healthier environmental defaults…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…by inflammation, plaque morphology and location, comorbidities, environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity…

Physical Activity Prescription for Cardiovascular Prevention

…Assessment Before Prescription Physical activity should be assessed and prescribed using the components of: Frequency Intensity Time or duration Type Progression The prescription should be…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…attempts and their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled…

Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…although radiofrequency procedures, nerve stimulators, and other electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The clinical consequences depend on the device, the patient's…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…and may precipitate cardiac arrest. The classification of hyperthermia is delineated in Table 1 below. Severity Clinical presentation Treatment Mild hyperthermia Thirst. Weakness. Cold environment…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…often necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions. Therapy must be tailored to…

Abscess incision and drainage

…tissue — the acidic environment inactivates the anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the…

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