…stenosis Calcification of the mitral valve Complications to radiation therapy Mucopolysaccharidosis Carcinoid tumor Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Iatrogenic stenosis after mitral valve…

…well as to embolization in the systemic circulation. The complications can be fatal. Approximately 500 Swedes are affected annually by endocarditis and the median age…

…reduction in the orifice area. As the area is reduced, transvalvular flow resistance increases. This results in increased left ventricular load, while simultaneously affecting systemic…

…significant anemia, important electrolyte imbalance, and hyperthyroidism Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, with increased risk of hypotension in patients with autonomic dysfunction, hypovolemia, or severe…

…and arrhythmias Endocarditis – due to risk of embolization Deep venous thrombosis – due to risk of embolization Relative contraindications for exercise ECG Severe hypertension (systolic blood…

…Right ventricular infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the…

…medication. It should be noted that the development of AV block upon instigation of beta blockers suggests concealed conduction disturbance in the AV system. Thus…

…heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative…

…In echocardiography, tumour should be suspected in case of detection of ecotdense tissue masses. However, the majority of all ecotate masses are vegetations (endocarditis) and…

Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…