…for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these…

…recurrent infarction and limb threatening complications. Among patients with established peripheral artery disease, those who stop smoking have approximately twice the five year survival of…

…none of the books reviewed include all these aspects. Most books lacked clinical management, key aspects of pathophysiology and discussions on differential diagnoses for each…

…or cannot be advanced. An introducer for the atraumatic needle — it is too soft to pass through the skin on its own. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine…

…For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of the reflector on the image. Hence, the…

…screening of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves detection…

…for this are explained below. The normal P wave contour on ECG The normal P wave (Figure 1, upper panel) is typically smooth, symmetric and…

…have any clinical relevance and it may lead to misunderstanding. Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant…

…to the rise of cardiac imaging and invasive electrophysiological methods which allow for detailed in vivo studies of arrhythmias. However, this chapter focuses on clinical…

…of the average arterial pressure and is a better indicator of organ perfusion. In clinical settings, MAP is often preferred over SBP for the following…

…a factor based on the difference between the heart rate and 60 beats per minute. It is another approach used to account for heart rate…

…Clinical Presentation and Initial Clinical Context Chest pain or discomfort is the most common symptom initiating evaluation for ACS. Features that increase the likelihood of…

…pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should be considered a basic clinical skill. Pacing activity may be visible or invisible, depending on e.g the type…

…the medium. Mathematically, sound waves can be described by a sine curve . This curve is characterized by the following variables: wavelength , amplitude , frequency , speed , and…

…refractory. In this case ( Figure 1 ) it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology…

…on ordinary ECG tracings and it is explained by the fact that the atria are depolarized sequentially, with the right atrium being depolarized before the…