…are generally detected with neonatal pulse oximetry (POX) screening , which is routine in all Western countries. According to a Cochrane review, for every 10,000…

…various conditions diagnosed using ECG) Epidemiology Clinical aspects ECG criteria/characteristics Electrophysiological explanations for ECG changes Differential diagnoses for ECG findings Concordance with guidelines (AHA…

…care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even with a reduced…

…acoustic shadowing. Reverberations artifacts Ultrasound waves can be reflected multiple times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion…

…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

…smokers for a prolonged period. In heavy smokers, cardiovascular risk falls within five years of stopping but may remain elevated thereafter. The overall health benefit…

…However, in cases of rapid AVNRT or in patients with underlying structural heart disease, the arrhythmia may result in symptoms indicative of reduced cardiac output…

…is not physiologically justified . The latter criterion is important because rhythms that are physiologically justified should not be considered abnormal. For example, sinus bradycardia (a…

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

…interval is often corrected for heart rate, resulting in the corrected QT (QTc) interval. Several formulas exist to calculate QTc, each with its own characteristics…

…Initial hs cTn measurement Continuous cardiac monitoring The source material does not provide a detailed list of physical examination findings or a specific examination sequence…

…However, most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should…

…vibrations propagate in the form of a sound wave. If the sound waves encounter a new medium, some sound waves will be reflected while others…

…refractory. In this case ( Figure 1 ) it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology…

…of the P wave, PR interval and PR segment The P wave ECG interpretation usually starts with assessment of the P wave. The P wave…