…smoked per day. Duration of smoking and cumulative exposure. Previous quit attempts and their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to…

…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these…

…unprepared for real world scenarios where ECG interpretation often makes a life altering difference. Dr. Araz Rawshani, a leading cardiovascular researcher at the University of…

…adults the spinal cord ends at T12–L1, so these levels encounter only the roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level…

…echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of the reflector on the image. Hence…

…of the normal P wave does not exceed 2.5 mm in any limb lead. Reference values for the P wave The negative deflection of…

…Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular…

…Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning with a discussion of…

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…