…puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression…

…book was at best poor. It is outdated, oversimplifies the concepts and basically lacks everything you need for clinical purposes. Regrettably, I cannot recommend this…

…times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce…

…also improves vascular health and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged…

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

…over SBP for the following reasons: Indicator of Organ Perfusion : MAP is a more reliable indicator of blood flow to vital organs than systolic blood…

…of congenital heart disease in the general population, such that most clinicians will regularly encounter patients with CHD. Approximately 95% of all incident cases of…

…of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves detection of…

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

…bradycardia and tachycardia. Fridericia’s and Framingham formulas are often preferred in scenarios where a broader range of heart rates is encountered, as they may…

…and Pathophysiological Basis High sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn) assays detect circulating troponin released from injured cardiomyocytes at substantially lower concentrations than earlier generation assays…

…However, most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should…

…If the sound waves encounter a new medium, some sound waves will be reflected while others will transfer the mechanical (pressure) energy to the new…

…refractory. In this case ( Figure 1 ) it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology…

…If the left atrium encounters increased resistance (e.g due to mitral valve stenosis) it becomes enlarged (hypertrophy) which amplifies its contribution to the P…