…an abundance of illustrations that appeared pedagogical, despite the fact that it had not been updated for decades. As I got more involved with cardiovascular…

…puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression…

…times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce…

…their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness…

…as long as it encounters excitable tissue. As it circulates within the node, it emits impulses both upwards to the atria and downwards (via His…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

…For obvious reasons, more complex defects are typically diagnosed earlier. Defects resulting in reduced oxygen saturation are generally detected with neonatal pulse oximetry (POX) screening…

…Systematic screening of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves…

…The reasons for this are explained below. The normal P wave contour on ECG The normal P wave (Figure 1, upper panel) is typically smooth…