…include all these aspects. Most books lacked clinical management, key aspects of pathophysiology and discussions on differential diagnoses for each condition. Moreover, most books included…

…For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or new focal neurological signs — CT is performed first. Preparation and equipment…

…echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce a copy of the reflector on the image. Hence…

…attempts and their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled…

…one being refractory and the other capable of conducting the impulse, re entry may arise. This is illustrated in Figure 1 (study this figure carefully)…

…activity. This is partly due to the rise of cardiac imaging and invasive electrophysiological methods which allow for detailed in vivo studies of arrhythmias. However…

…standard formulas. Therefore, while MAP is a valuable indicator of hemodynamic status, it should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical assessments and diagnostic information.

…includes surgery, catheter interventions, and medical therapies. Adults with congenital heart disease are mostly managed in GUCH clinics (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease). Prevalence of…

…a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for individuals without known clinical coronary artery disease, especially when…

…for this are explained below. The normal P wave contour on ECG The normal P wave (Figure 1, upper panel) is typically smooth, symmetric and…

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

…Evaluation and Physical Examination Patients with suspected ACS should undergo expedited emergency department assessment. The initial evaluation includes: Targeted medical history Physical examination Vital sign…

…Assessing pacemaker function requires knowledge of the mode of pacing, and careful analysis of ECG tracings. Most modern devices are capable of transmitting ECG tracings…

…If the sound waves encounter a new medium, some sound waves will be reflected while others will transfer the mechanical (pressure) energy to the new…

…refractory. In this case ( Figure 1 ) it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology…

…is angled alongside the P wave vector, and the exploring electrode is located in front of the P wave vector ( Figure 2, right hand side)…