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Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…The cardiovascular benefits of cessation extend across primary and secondary prevention. Observational evidence indicates that cessation lowers the risk of peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…go unnoticed for many years. Occasionally, major defects may go unnoticed until adulthood. Echocardiography in CHD Echocardiography is performed in all patients with suspected CHD…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that…

Lumbar puncture

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves detection of…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

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