…for every 10,000 apparently healthy newborn infants, around six will have critical CHD, and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these…

…unprepared for real world scenarios where ECG interpretation often makes a life altering difference. Dr. Araz Rawshani, a leading cardiovascular researcher at the University of…

…adults the spinal cord ends at T12–L1, so these levels encounter only the roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level…

…ultrasound imaging: The ultrasound image displays non existing structures. The ultrasound image does not display existing structures. The ultrasound image misrepresents the echogenicity of structures…

…of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes, although opportunistic assessment during clinical encounters improves detection of…

…of the normal P wave does not exceed 2.5 mm in any limb lead. Reference values for the P wave The negative deflection of…

…also improves vascular health and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged…

…Use of the term PSVT is therefore not recommended. Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular…

…Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re entry This section introduces the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice, beginning with a discussion of…

…risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, and mortality. Stability : MAP readings tend to be more accurate than systolic blood pressure when using non invasive…

…bradycardia and tachycardia. Fridericia’s and Framingham formulas are often preferred in scenarios where a broader range of heart rates is encountered, as they may…

…assessment is required. Patients with NSTE ACS should be admitted for management of acute ischaemia. Those with possible ACS, a non diagnostic ECG, and normal…

…of transmitting ECG tracings continuously to cloud based platforms, which enables the clinician to examine intracardiac ECGs at any time. However, most clinicians who encounter…

…metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the particles of the medium…

…it encounters a refractory right bundle branch and therefore the impulse is conducted with right bundle branch block morphology. This is an example of how…

…meaning that the greater portion of the P wave is positive but the terminal portion is slightly negative (the vector generated by left atrial activation…