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Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…of survival. Neonatal screening with pulse oxymetry The majority of all congenital heart defects are detected early in infancy or childhood. For obvious reasons, more…

The Best Clinical ECG Book: ECG Made Easy or Complete?

…and discussions on differential diagnoses for each condition. Moreover, most books included very few real world examples of the conditions, or provided too few tests…

Lumbar puncture

…blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or new focal neurological signs — CT is performed first. Preparation…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…times between dense structures ( i.e structures with high echogenicity). For each reflection, a portion of the sound waves return to the transducer and produce…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…CT performed for another indication can also contribute to risk assessment. Visual reporting of coronary calcification using four categories—none, mild, moderate, or severe—is…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…atrial enlargement (P mitrale) and right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…smokers for a prolonged period. In heavy smokers, cardiovascular risk falls within five years of stopping but may remain elevated thereafter. The overall health benefit…

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…or heart rate, which is not physiologically justified . The latter criterion is important because rhythms that are physiologically justified should not be considered abnormal. For…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation. Therefore, alterations in heart rate, stroke volume, or vascular tone can significantly impact MAP…

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