…This has resulted in an increased prevalence of congenital heart disease in the general population, such that most clinicians will regularly encounter patients with CHD…

…an asymptomatic individual is not supported by the available evidence described here. Systematic screening of the general population for cardiovascular risk factors has not been…

…nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that…

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

…However, when side lobes encounter strong reflectors (calcifications, pericardium, mechanical heart valves, wires, etc ), they may generate significant reflections which are detected by the transducer…

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

…and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged period. In heavy smokers…

…in otherwise healthy individuals. The arrhythmia is characterized by its abrupt onset and termination and typically presents with symptoms associated with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, including palpitations…

…for all clinicians, it is reasonable to acquire an understanding of the overarching concepts. Arrhythmogenesis (mechanisms of arrhythmias) is presented in this chapter, followed by…

…Pressure (CVP) This equation illustrates that MAP is determined by the volume of blood the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation…

…by adding a factor based on the difference between the heart rate and 60 beats per minute. It is another approach used to account for…

…myocardial injury, demonstrated by a rising and/or falling troponin pattern with at least one value above the assay specific 99th percentile upper reference limit;…

…However, most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should…

…a sound wave. A familiar example is human speech. Humans speak by setting their vocal cords in motion. When vocal cords vibrate, they generate vibrations…

…and the subsequent early impulse will therefore encounter refractory fibers. Thus, Ashman's phenomenon requires a long RR interval followed by a short RR interval (…

…portion of the P wave is positive but the terminal portion is slightly negative (the vector generated by left atrial activation heads away from V1)…